What is the term for a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force?

The term that describes the policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force is imperialism. This concept encompasses a wide range of actions, including the establishment of empires, the domination of territories, and the exertion of control over other nations and peoples. Historically, imperialism has involved military interventions, treaties, and political influence, often leading to significant changes in the social, economic, and political landscapes of the regions affected.

While colonization is related to imperialism, as it refers specifically to the process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area, it does not encompass the broader methods of influence that imperialism includes, such as relying solely on diplomatic means. Exploitation refers to the unfair use of resources or people, often associated with imperialism, but it is not a policy in itself. Globalization involves the increasing interconnectedness of economies and cultures worldwide, which, while sometimes a result of imperialistic policies, is a separate process focused on economic and cultural exchange rather than the exertion of political power or military force.