What does urban refer to in this context?

In the context of the Industrial Revolution, "urban" specifically refers to aspects of cities or towns. This period saw a significant movement of people from rural areas to urban centers as industries developed and job opportunities in factories increased. Urban areas became the focal points for economic activities, cultural exchanges, and population growth. The term encompasses elements such as infrastructure, population density, and the social dynamics present in city life. This distinction highlights the transformative impact of industrialization on society, leading to the rise of urbanization as a key characteristic of the era. Understanding this concept is crucial to grasping the broader societal changes that accompanied the Industrial Revolution, including shifts in lifestyle, employment, and social structures.